{"id":1186,"date":"2026-02-24T11:03:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-24T11:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/voiceguard-project.eu\/?p=1186"},"modified":"2026-05-04T13:33:38","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T13:33:38","slug":"como-funciona-en-la-practica-la-proteccion-de-los-denunciantes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/voiceguard-project.eu\/es\/2026\/02\/24\/como-funciona-en-la-practica-la-proteccion-de-los-denunciantes\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfC\u00f3mo\u00a0funciona\u00a0en la\u00a0pr\u00e1ctica\u00a0la\u00a0protecci\u00f3n\u00a0de los\u00a0denunciantes?\u00a0\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><em>Aunque&nbsp;existen&nbsp;leyes&nbsp;para&nbsp;proteger&nbsp;a&nbsp;quienes&nbsp;denuncian,&nbsp;sigue&nbsp;existiendo&nbsp;una&nbsp;brecha&nbsp;entre la&nbsp;teor\u00eda&nbsp;jur\u00eddica&nbsp;y&nbsp;la&nbsp;realidad&nbsp;vivida.&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En&nbsp;VoiceGuard, no&nbsp;nos&nbsp;limitamos&nbsp;a&nbsp;examinar&nbsp;los&nbsp;p\u00e1rrafos&nbsp;de la&nbsp;Directiva&nbsp;de la UE;&nbsp;nos&nbsp;reunimos&nbsp;con las personas&nbsp;que&nbsp;la&nbsp;han&nbsp;vivido&nbsp;en&nbsp;primera&nbsp;persona.&nbsp;\u00bfCu\u00e1les&nbsp;son las&nbsp;experiencias&nbsp;reales de&nbsp;quienes&nbsp;deciden&nbsp;denunciar&nbsp;la&nbsp;corrupci\u00f3n,&nbsp;el&nbsp;abuso&nbsp;de&nbsp;poder&nbsp;u&nbsp;otras&nbsp;irregularidades? \u00bfY&nbsp;en&nbsp;qu\u00e9&nbsp;aspectos&nbsp;falla&nbsp;con mayor&nbsp;frecuencia&nbsp;el&nbsp;sistema&nbsp;de&nbsp;protecci\u00f3n&nbsp;de&nbsp;los&nbsp;denunciantes&nbsp;en&nbsp;la&nbsp;actualidad?&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>El&nbsp;<strong>proyecto&nbsp;VoiceGuard&nbsp;<\/strong>est\u00e1&nbsp;ultimando&nbsp;actualmente&nbsp;un&nbsp;an\u00e1lisis&nbsp;de las&nbsp;necesidades&nbsp;de&nbsp;los&nbsp;denunciantes&nbsp;y&nbsp;una&nbsp;evaluaci\u00f3n&nbsp;de&nbsp;competencias&nbsp;basados&nbsp;en&nbsp;testimonios de&nbsp;denunciantes&nbsp;y&nbsp;profesionales&nbsp;de&nbsp;toda&nbsp;Europa:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rep\u00fablica\u00a0Checa\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Espa\u00f1a\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bulgaria\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ruman\u00eda\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Grecia\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Luxemburgo\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>En&nbsp;marzo&nbsp;se&nbsp;dar\u00e1n&nbsp;a&nbsp;conocer&nbsp;datos&nbsp;clave. \u00bfQu\u00e9&nbsp;puede&nbsp;esperar?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Los&nbsp;denunciantes&nbsp;desempe\u00f1an&nbsp;un&nbsp;papel&nbsp;crucial, pero con&nbsp;demasiada&nbsp;frecuencia&nbsp;se&nbsp;topan&nbsp;con&nbsp;sistemas&nbsp;que,&nbsp;aunque&nbsp;est\u00e1n&nbsp;destinados&nbsp;a&nbsp;protegerlos, no&nbsp;lo&nbsp;consiguen.&nbsp;Precisamente&nbsp;por&nbsp;eso&nbsp;se&nbsp;cre\u00f3&nbsp;la&nbsp;<strong>iniciativa&nbsp;VoiceGuard:&nbsp;Whistleblower&nbsp;Empowerment&nbsp;&amp; Support&nbsp;Initiative<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Uno de&nbsp;los&nbsp;pilares&nbsp;anal\u00edticos&nbsp;del&nbsp;proyecto&nbsp;consiste&nbsp;en&nbsp;dos&nbsp;actividades&nbsp;estrechamente&nbsp;vinculadas:&nbsp;el&nbsp;an\u00e1lisis&nbsp;de&nbsp;necesidades,&nbsp;que&nbsp;estudia&nbsp;las&nbsp;necesidades&nbsp;de&nbsp;los&nbsp;denunciantes&nbsp;a lo largo de&nbsp;su&nbsp;experiencia&nbsp;de&nbsp;denuncia, y la&nbsp;evaluaci\u00f3n&nbsp;de&nbsp;habilidades,&nbsp;que&nbsp;analiza&nbsp;las&nbsp;habilidades&nbsp;y&nbsp;competencias&nbsp;de las&nbsp;organizaciones,&nbsp;principalmente&nbsp;de las personas&nbsp;responsables&nbsp;de&nbsp;recibir&nbsp;y&nbsp;gestionar&nbsp;las&nbsp;denuncias.&nbsp;Cada&nbsp;socio&nbsp;del&nbsp;proyecto&nbsp;desempe\u00f1\u00f3&nbsp;un&nbsp;papel&nbsp;crucial&nbsp;en&nbsp;estas&nbsp;actividades:&nbsp;garantizando&nbsp;la&nbsp;recopilaci\u00f3n&nbsp;de&nbsp;datos&nbsp;en&nbsp;su&nbsp;pa\u00eds, la&nbsp;comunicaci\u00f3n&nbsp;con los&nbsp;encuestados, la&nbsp;realizaci\u00f3n&nbsp;de&nbsp;entrevistas,&nbsp;la&nbsp;organizaci\u00f3n&nbsp;de&nbsp;grupos&nbsp;focales&nbsp;y la&nbsp;traducci\u00f3n&nbsp;de los&nbsp;contextos&nbsp;locales.&nbsp;Gracias&nbsp;a&nbsp;esta&nbsp;cooperaci\u00f3n, se&nbsp;est\u00e1&nbsp;creando&nbsp;un&nbsp;recurso&nbsp;comparativo&nbsp;internacional&nbsp;\u00fanico.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u00abNuestros&nbsp;resultados&nbsp;preliminares&nbsp;indican&nbsp;que&nbsp;los&nbsp;denunciantes&nbsp;necesitan&nbsp;apoyo&nbsp;jur\u00eddico&nbsp;y&nbsp;psicosocial&nbsp;a lo largo de&nbsp;todas&nbsp;las&nbsp;etapas&nbsp;de&nbsp;su&nbsp;proceso. Este&nbsp;apoyo&nbsp;debe&nbsp;ser&nbsp;constante: antes,&nbsp;durante&nbsp;y&nbsp;despu\u00e9s&nbsp;de&nbsp;que&nbsp;den un paso al&nbsp;frente. Dado&nbsp;que&nbsp;hay&nbsp;numerosos&nbsp;puntos&nbsp;en&nbsp;los&nbsp;que&nbsp;el&nbsp;sistema&nbsp;les&nbsp;falla,&nbsp;este&nbsp;apoyo&nbsp;es vital&nbsp;mientras&nbsp;llevamos&nbsp;a&nbsp;cabo&nbsp;la lenta y&nbsp;laboriosa&nbsp;tarea&nbsp;de&nbsp;cambiar&nbsp;la&nbsp;cultura,&nbsp;una&nbsp;denuncia&nbsp;tras&nbsp;<\/em>otra\u00bb,&nbsp;afirma&nbsp;<strong>Tom\u00e1\u0161&nbsp;M\u00fcnzberger<\/strong>,&nbsp;de&nbsp;<strong>O\u017eiven\u00ed&nbsp;(Rep\u00fablica Checa)<\/strong>,&nbsp;el&nbsp;socio del&nbsp;proyecto&nbsp;responsable&nbsp;de las&nbsp;actividades&nbsp;de&nbsp;investigaci\u00f3n.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tanto&nbsp;el&nbsp;an\u00e1lisis&nbsp;de&nbsp;necesidades&nbsp;como&nbsp;la&nbsp;evaluaci\u00f3n&nbsp;de&nbsp;competencias&nbsp;se&nbsp;publicar\u00e1n&nbsp;en&nbsp;marzo&nbsp;de 2026.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00bfQu\u00e9&nbsp;incluy\u00f3&nbsp;el&nbsp;an\u00e1lisis&nbsp;de&nbsp;necesidades?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Entrevistas\u00a0en\u00a0profundidad\u00a0con\u00a0denunciantes:\u00a0<\/strong>an\u00e1lisis\u00a0del\u00a0recorrido\u00a0completo\u00a0de 16\u00a0denunciantes,\u00a0desde\u00a0la\u00a0decisi\u00f3n\u00a0inicial\u00a0hasta las\u00a0repercusiones\u00a0profesionales\u00a0y\u00a0psicol\u00f3gicas\u00a0finales.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Grupos\u00a0de\u00a0discusi\u00f3n\u00a0de\u00a0expertos:\u00a0<\/strong>debates con\u00a032\u00a0expertos\u00a0en\u00a0protecci\u00f3n\u00a0de\u00a0denunciantes:\u00a0abogados,\u00a0psic\u00f3logos,\u00a0representantes\u00a0de las\u00a0autoridades\u00a0nacionales\u00a0de\u00a0denuncia\u00a0de\u00a0irregularidades,\u00a0expertos\u00a0de ONG\u00a0y\u00a0especialistas\u00a0en\u00a0cumplimiento\u00a0normativo, con\u00a0el\u00a0fin de\u00a0identificar\u00a0barreras\u00a0sist\u00e9micas\u00a0y lagunas\u00a0legislativas.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cuestionarios\u00a0estructurados:\u00a0<\/strong>datos\u00a0cualitativos\u00a0para\u00a0complementar\u00a0la\u00a0perspectiva\u00a0cuantitativa.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Evaluaci\u00f3n&nbsp;de&nbsp;competencias:&nbsp;Cerrar&nbsp;la&nbsp;brecha<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Partiendo&nbsp;del&nbsp;an\u00e1lisis&nbsp;de&nbsp;necesidades, la&nbsp;evaluaci\u00f3n&nbsp;de&nbsp;competencias&nbsp;se&nbsp;centr\u00f3&nbsp;en&nbsp;la&nbsp;otra&nbsp;cara&nbsp;de la&nbsp;ecuaci\u00f3n:&nbsp;quienes&nbsp;son&nbsp;responsables&nbsp;de&nbsp;proteger&nbsp;a&nbsp;los&nbsp;denunciantes&nbsp;y&nbsp;guiarlos&nbsp;a lo largo del&nbsp;proceso&nbsp;de&nbsp;denuncia.&nbsp;Evaluamos&nbsp;no solo sus&nbsp;competencias,&nbsp;sino&nbsp;tambi\u00e9n&nbsp;su&nbsp;mandato&nbsp;institucional&nbsp;y&nbsp;su&nbsp;capacidad&nbsp;pr\u00e1ctica&nbsp;para&nbsp;actuar&nbsp;como&nbsp;garantes&nbsp;eficaces&nbsp;del&nbsp;proceso&nbsp;de&nbsp;denuncia.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Con 150&nbsp;organizaciones&nbsp;participantes&nbsp;de 6&nbsp;Estados&nbsp;miembros,&nbsp;examinamos&nbsp;en&nbsp;qu\u00e9&nbsp;aspectos&nbsp;falla&nbsp;el&nbsp;actual&nbsp;sistema&nbsp;de&nbsp;apoyo&nbsp;debido&nbsp;a la&nbsp;falta&nbsp;de&nbsp;conocimientos&nbsp;especializados, a la&nbsp;subestimaci\u00f3n&nbsp;de la carga de&nbsp;trabajo&nbsp;de las personas&nbsp;encargadas&nbsp;de&nbsp;gestionar&nbsp;las&nbsp;denuncias&nbsp;o a&nbsp;una&nbsp;comunicaci\u00f3n&nbsp;insuficiente&nbsp;con&nbsp;los&nbsp;posibles&nbsp;denunciantes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En&nbsp;conjunto, el&nbsp;an\u00e1lisis&nbsp;de&nbsp;necesidades&nbsp;y la&nbsp;evaluaci\u00f3n&nbsp;de&nbsp;competencias&nbsp;constituyen&nbsp;una base&nbsp;s\u00f3lida&nbsp;para las&nbsp;siguientes&nbsp;fases&nbsp;del&nbsp;proyecto&nbsp;VoiceGuard,&nbsp;entre&nbsp;las&nbsp;que&nbsp;se&nbsp;incluyen&nbsp;el&nbsp;desarrollo&nbsp;de&nbsp;programas&nbsp;de&nbsp;formaci\u00f3n, la&nbsp;recopilaci\u00f3n&nbsp;de&nbsp;buenas&nbsp;pr\u00e1cticas&nbsp;y la&nbsp;formulaci\u00f3n&nbsp;de&nbsp;recomendaciones&nbsp;concretas&nbsp;para las&nbsp;pol\u00edticas&nbsp;y la&nbsp;pr\u00e1ctica.&nbsp;Los&nbsp;resultados&nbsp;del&nbsp;an\u00e1lisis&nbsp;de&nbsp;necesidades&nbsp;y la&nbsp;evaluaci\u00f3n&nbsp;de&nbsp;competencias&nbsp;dar\u00e1n&nbsp;paso a las&nbsp;actividades&nbsp;posteriores,&nbsp;centradas&nbsp;en&nbsp;el&nbsp;an\u00e1lisis&nbsp;de las&nbsp;mejores&nbsp;pr\u00e1cticas&nbsp;y&nbsp;el&nbsp;desarrollo&nbsp;de&nbsp;recomendaciones&nbsp;pol\u00edticas.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49&nbsp;<strong>Siga&nbsp;el&nbsp;proyecto&nbsp;VoiceGuard: hay&nbsp;m\u00e1s&nbsp;por&nbsp;venir:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/showcase\/voiceguard-project\/posts\/?feedView=all\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>LinkedIn<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/VoiceGuardProject\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Facebook<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aunque&nbsp;existen&nbsp;leyes&nbsp;para&nbsp;proteger&nbsp;a&nbsp;quienes&nbsp;denuncian,&nbsp;sigue&nbsp;existiendo&nbsp;una&nbsp;brecha&nbsp;entre la&nbsp;teor\u00eda&nbsp;jur\u00eddica&nbsp;y&nbsp;la&nbsp;realidad&nbsp;vivida.&nbsp;&nbsp; En&nbsp;VoiceGuard, no&nbsp;nos&nbsp;limitamos&nbsp;a&nbsp;examinar&nbsp;los&nbsp;p\u00e1rrafos&nbsp;de la&nbsp;Directiva&nbsp;de la UE;&nbsp;nos&nbsp;reunimos&nbsp;con las personas&nbsp;que&nbsp;la&nbsp;han&nbsp;vivido&nbsp;en&nbsp;primera&nbsp;persona.&nbsp;\u00bfCu\u00e1les&nbsp;son las&nbsp;experiencias&nbsp;reales de&nbsp;quienes&nbsp;deciden&nbsp;denunciar&nbsp;la&nbsp;corrupci\u00f3n,&nbsp;el&nbsp;abuso&nbsp;de&nbsp;poder&nbsp;u&nbsp;otras&nbsp;irregularidades? \u00bfY&nbsp;en&nbsp;qu\u00e9&nbsp;aspectos&nbsp;falla&nbsp;con mayor&nbsp;frecuencia&nbsp;el&nbsp;sistema&nbsp;de&nbsp;protecci\u00f3n&nbsp;de&nbsp;los&nbsp;denunciantes&nbsp;en&nbsp;la&nbsp;actualidad?&nbsp;&nbsp;El&nbsp;proyecto&nbsp;VoiceGuard&nbsp;est\u00e1&nbsp;ultimando&nbsp;actualmente&nbsp;un&nbsp;an\u00e1lisis&nbsp;de las&nbsp;necesidades&nbsp;de&nbsp;los&nbsp;denunciantes&nbsp;y&nbsp;una&nbsp;evaluaci\u00f3n&nbsp;de&nbsp;competencias&nbsp;basados&nbsp;en&nbsp;testimonios de&nbsp;denunciantes&nbsp;y&nbsp;profesionales&nbsp;de&nbsp;toda&nbsp;Europa:&nbsp; En&nbsp;marzo&nbsp;se&nbsp;dar\u00e1n&nbsp;a&nbsp;conocer&nbsp;datos&nbsp;clave. \u00bfQu\u00e9&nbsp;puede&nbsp;esperar?&nbsp; Los&nbsp;denunciantes&nbsp;desempe\u00f1an&nbsp;un&nbsp;papel&nbsp;crucial, pero con&nbsp;demasiada&nbsp;frecuencia&nbsp;se&nbsp;topan&nbsp;con&nbsp;sistemas&nbsp;que,&nbsp;aunque&nbsp;est\u00e1n&nbsp;destinados&nbsp;a&nbsp;protegerlos, no&nbsp;lo&nbsp;consiguen.&nbsp;Precisamente&nbsp;por&nbsp;eso&nbsp;se&nbsp;cre\u00f3&nbsp;la&nbsp;iniciativa&nbsp;VoiceGuard:&nbsp;Whistleblower&nbsp;Empowerment&nbsp;&amp; Support&nbsp;Initiative.&nbsp; Uno de&nbsp;los&nbsp;pilares&nbsp;anal\u00edticos&nbsp;del&nbsp;proyecto&nbsp;consiste&nbsp;en&nbsp;dos&nbsp;actividades&nbsp;estrechamente&nbsp;vinculadas:&nbsp;el&nbsp;an\u00e1lisis&nbsp;de&nbsp;necesidades,&nbsp;que&nbsp;estudia&nbsp;las&nbsp;necesidades&nbsp;de&nbsp;los&nbsp;denunciantes&nbsp;a lo largo<span class=\"excerpt-hellip\"> [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":911,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1186","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-centro-de-conocimientos"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/voiceguard-project.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1186","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/voiceguard-project.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/voiceguard-project.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/voiceguard-project.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/voiceguard-project.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1186"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/voiceguard-project.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1186\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1187,"href":"https:\/\/voiceguard-project.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1186\/revisions\/1187"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/voiceguard-project.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/911"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/voiceguard-project.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1186"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/voiceguard-project.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1186"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/voiceguard-project.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1186"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}